| 1 | ---
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| 2 | title: Actions
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| 3 | order: 5
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| 4 | ---
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| 5 |
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| 6 | # Actions
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| 7 |
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| 8 | [MODES: data]
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| 9 |
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| 10 | ## Defining Actions
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| 11 |
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| 12 | Data mutations are done through Route actions defined on the `action` property of a route object. When the action completes, all loader data on the page is revalidated to keep your UI in sync with the data without writing any code to do it.
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| 13 |
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| 14 | ```tsx
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| 15 | import { createBrowserRouter } from "react-router";
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| 16 | import { someApi } from "./api";
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| 17 |
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| 18 | let router = createBrowserRouter([
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| 19 | {
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| 20 | path: "/projects/:projectId",
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| 21 | Component: Project,
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| 22 | action: async ({ request }) => {
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| 23 | let formData = await request.formData();
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| 24 | let title = formData.get("title");
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| 25 | let project = await someApi.updateProject({ title });
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| 26 | return project;
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| 27 | },
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| 28 | },
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| 29 | ]);
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| 30 | ```
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| 31 |
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| 32 | ## Calling Actions
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| 33 |
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| 34 | Actions are called declaratively through `<Form>` and imperatively through `useSubmit` (or `<fetcher.Form>` and `fetcher.submit`) by referencing the route's path and a "post" method.
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| 35 |
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| 36 | ### Calling actions with a Form
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| 37 |
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| 38 | ```tsx
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| 39 | import { Form } from "react-router";
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| 40 |
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| 41 | function SomeComponent() {
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| 42 | return (
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| 43 | <Form action="/projects/123" method="post">
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| 44 | <input type="text" name="title" />
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| 45 | <button type="submit">Submit</button>
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| 46 | </Form>
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| 47 | );
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| 48 | }
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| 49 | ```
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| 50 |
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| 51 | This will cause a navigation and a new entry will be added to the browser history.
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| 52 |
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| 53 | ### Calling actions with useSubmit
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| 54 |
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| 55 | You can submit form data to an action imperatively with `useSubmit`.
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| 56 |
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| 57 | ```tsx
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| 58 | import { useCallback } from "react";
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| 59 | import { useSubmit } from "react-router";
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| 60 | import { useFakeTimer } from "fake-lib";
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| 61 |
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| 62 | function useQuizTimer() {
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| 63 | let submit = useSubmit();
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| 64 |
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| 65 | let cb = useCallback(() => {
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| 66 | submit(
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| 67 | { quizTimedOut: true },
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| 68 | { action: "/end-quiz", method: "post" },
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| 69 | );
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| 70 | }, []);
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| 71 |
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| 72 | let tenMinutes = 10 * 60 * 1000;
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| 73 | useFakeTimer(tenMinutes, cb);
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| 74 | }
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| 75 | ```
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| 76 |
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| 77 | This will cause a navigation and a new entry will be added to the browser history.
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| 78 |
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| 79 | ### Calling actions with a fetcher
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| 80 |
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| 81 | Fetchers allow you to submit data to actions (and loaders) without causing a navigation (no new entries in the browser history).
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| 82 |
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| 83 | ```tsx
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| 84 | import { useFetcher } from "react-router";
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| 85 |
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| 86 | function Task() {
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| 87 | let fetcher = useFetcher();
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| 88 | let busy = fetcher.state !== "idle";
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| 89 |
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| 90 | return (
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| 91 | <fetcher.Form method="post" action="/update-task/123">
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| 92 | <input type="text" name="title" />
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| 93 | <button type="submit">
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| 94 | {busy ? "Saving..." : "Save"}
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| 95 | </button>
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| 96 | </fetcher.Form>
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| 97 | );
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| 98 | }
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| 99 | ```
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| 100 |
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| 101 | They also have the imperative `submit` method.
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| 102 |
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| 103 | ```tsx
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| 104 | fetcher.submit(
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| 105 | { title: "New Title" },
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| 106 | { action: "/update-task/123", method: "post" },
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| 107 | );
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| 108 | ```
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| 109 |
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| 110 | See the [Using Fetchers][fetchers] guide for more information.
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| 111 |
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| 112 | ## Accessing Action Data
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| 113 |
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| 114 | Actions can return data available through `useActionData` in the route component or `fetcher.data` when using a fetcher.
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| 115 |
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| 116 | ```tsx
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| 117 | function Project() {
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| 118 | let actionData = useActionData();
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| 119 | return (
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| 120 | <div>
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| 121 | <h1>Project</h1>
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| 122 | <Form method="post">
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| 123 | <input type="text" name="title" />
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| 124 | <button type="submit">Submit</button>
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| 125 | </Form>
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| 126 | {actionData ? (
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| 127 | <p>{actionData.title} updated</p>
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| 128 | ) : null}
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| 129 | </div>
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| 130 | );
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| 131 | }
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| 132 | ```
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| 133 |
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| 134 | ---
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| 135 |
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| 136 | Next: [Navigating](./navigating)
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| 137 |
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| 138 | [fetchers]: ../../how-to/fetchers
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